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Groucho
Julius Henry "Groucho" Marx (/ˈɡraʊtʃoʊ/; October 2, 1890 – August 19, 1977) was an American comedian, actor, writer, and singer who performed in films and vaudeville on television, radio, and the stage.[1] He was a master of quick wit and is considered one of America's greatest comedians.[2]
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Marx made 13 feature films as a team with his brothers, who performed under the name the Marx Brothers, of whom he was the third born. He also had a successful solo career, primarily on radio and television, most notably as the host of the game show You Bet Your Life.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marx_Brothers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Bet_Your_Life
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groucho_Marx#cite_note-obit-1
His distinctive appearance, carried over from his days in vaudeville, included quirks such as an exaggerated stooped posture, spectacles, cigar, and a thick greasepaint mustache (later a real mustache) and eyebrows. These exaggerated features resulted in the creation of one of the most recognizable and ubiquitous novelty disguises, known as Groucho glasses: a one-piece mask consisting of horn-rimmed glasses, a large plastic nose, bushy eyebrows and brush mustache.[3]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(cosmetics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groucho_glasses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn-rimmed_glasses
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Early life
Julius Henry Marx was born on October 2, 1890, in Manhattan, New York City.[4] Marx stated that he was born in a room above a butcher's shop on East 78th Street, "Between Lexington and Third", as he told Dick Cavett in a 1969 television interview.[5] The Marx children grew up in a turn-of-the-century building at 179 East 93rd Street off Lexington Avenue in a neighborhood now known as Carnegie Hill on the Upper East Side of the borough of Manhattan. His older brother Harpo, in his memoir Harpo Speaks, called the building "the first real home I knew".[6] It was populated with European immigrants, mostly artisans. Just across the street were the oldest brownstones in the area, owned by people including the well-connected Loew Brothers and William Orth. The Marx family lived there "for about 14 years", Groucho also told Cavett.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington_Avenue
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Avenue
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cavett
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Hill
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_East_Side

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpo_Marx
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownstone

The only known photo of all five Marx brothers with their parents in New York City, 1915; from left: Groucho (aged 25), Gummo (aged 22), Minnie (mother), Zeppo (aged 14), Frenchie (father), Chico (aged 28), and Harpo (aged 27)

Marx's family was Jewish.[7] His mother was Miene "Minnie" Schoenberg, whose family came from Dornum in northern Germany when she was 16 years old. His father was Simon "Sam" Marx, who changed his name from Marrix, and was called "Frenchie" by his sons throughout his life, because he and his family came from Alsace in France.[8] Minnie's brother was Al Schoenberg, who shortened his name to Al Shean when he went into show business as half of Gallagher and Shean, a noted vaudeville act of the early 20th century. According to Marx, when Shean visited, he would throw the local waifs a few coins so that when he knocked at the door he would be surrounded by adoring fans. Marx and his brothers respected his opinions and asked him on several occasions to write some material for them.[citation needed]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnie_Marx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dornum

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Marx
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Shean
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallagher_and_Shean
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaudeville


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Minnie Marx did not have an entertainment industry career but had intense ambition for her sons to go on the stage like their uncle. While pushing her second son Leonard (Chico Marx) in piano lessons, she found that Julius had a pleasant soprano voice and the ability to remain on key. Julius's early career goal was to become a doctor, but the family's need for income forced him out of school at the age of twelve. By that time Julius had become a voracious reader, particularly fond of Horatio Alger. Marx continued to overcome his lack of formal education by becoming very well-read.[citation needed]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chico_Marx


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio_Alger

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After a few stabs at entry-level office work and jobs suitable for adolescents, Marx took to the stage as a boy singer with the Gene Leroy Trio, debuting at the Ramona Theatre in Grand Rapids, Michigan, on July 16, 1905.[9] Marx reputedly claimed that he was "hopelessly average" as a vaudevillian, but this was typical Marx, wisecracking in his true form. By 1909, Minnie Marx had assembled her sons into an undistinguished vaudeville singing group billed as "The Four Nightingales". The brothers Julius, Milton (Gummo Marx) and Arthur (originally Adolph, but Harpo Marx from 1911) and another boy singer, Lou Levy, traveled the U.S. vaudeville circuits to little fanfare. After exhausting their prospects in the East, the family moved to La Grange, Illinois, to play the Midwest.[citation needed]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramona_Park#Ramona_Theater_Pavilion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gummo_Marx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpo_Marx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Grange,_Illinois
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After a particularly dispiriting performance in Nacogdoches, Texas, Julius, Milton, and Arthur began cracking jokes onstage for their own amusement. Much to their surprise, the audience liked them better as comedians than as singers. They modified the then-popular Gus Edwards comedy skit "School Days" and renamed it "Fun In Hi Skule". The Marx Brothers performed variations on this routine for the next seven years.[citation needed]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacogdoches,_Texas


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus_Edwards_(vaudeville)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed
For a time in Vaudeville, all the brothers performed using ethnic accents. Leonard, the oldest, developed the Italian accent he used as Chico Marx to convince some roving bullies that he was Italian, not Jewish. Arthur, the next oldest, donned a curly red wig and became "Patsy Brannigan", a stereotypical Irish character. His discomfort when speaking on stage led to his uncle Al Shean's suggestion that he stop speaking altogether and play the role in mime. Julius Marx's character from "Fun In Hi Skule" was an ethnic German, so Julius played him with a German accent. After the sinking of the RMS Lusitania in 1915, public anti-German sentiment was widespread, and Marx's German character was booed, so he dropped the accent and developed the fast-talking wise-guy character that became his trademark.[citation needed]





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The Marx Brothers became the biggest comedic stars of the Palace Theatre in New York, which billed itself as the "Valhalla of Vaudeville". Brother Chico's deal-making skills resulted in three hit plays on Broadway. No other comedy routine had ever so infected the Broadway circuit. All of this stage work predated their Hollywood career. By the time the Marxes made their first movie, they were already major stars with sharply honed skills; and by the time Groucho was relaunched to stardom in television on You Bet Your Life, he had been performing successfully for half a century.[citation needed]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_Theatre_(New_York_City)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_theatre



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Career
Vaudeville
Marx started his career in vaudeville in 1905 when he joined up with an act called The Leroy Trio.
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He answered a newspaper want ad by a man named Robin Leroy who was looking for a boy to join his group as a singer. Marx was hired along with fellow vaudeville actor Johnny Morris. Through this act, Marx got his first taste of life as a vaudeville performer. In 1909, Marx and his brothers had become a group act, at first called The Three Nightingales and later The Four Nightingales.
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The brothers' mother, Minnie Marx, was the group's manager, putting them together and booking their shows. The group had a rocky start, performing in less than adequate venues and rarely, if ever, being paid for their performances.
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Eventually brother Milton (Gummo) left the act to serve in World War I and was replaced by Herbert (Zeppo), and the group became known as the Marx Brothers.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeppo_Marx
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Their first successful show was Fun In Hi Skule (1910).
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Motion Pictures
The Marx Brothers in 1931 (from top, Chico, Harpo, Groucho and Zeppo)

Marx made 26 movies, including 13 with his brothers Chico and Harpo.
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Marx developed a routine as a wisecracking hustler with a distinctive chicken-walking lope, an exaggerated greasepaint mustache and eyebrows and an ever-present cigar, improvising insults to stuffy dowagers (frequently played by Margaret Dumont) and anyone else who stood in his way. As the Marx Brothers, he and his brothers starred in a series of popular stage shows and movies.
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Their first movie was a silent film made in 1921 that was only shown once in the Bronx,
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and is believed to have been destroyed shortly afterward. A decade later, the team made their last two Broadway shows—The Cocoanuts and Animal Crackers

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—into movies. Other successful films were Monkey Business, Horse Feathers, Duck Soup and A Night at the Opera.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_Feathers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_Soup_(1933_film)
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One quip from Marx concerned his response to Sam Wood, the director of A Night at the Opera. Furious with the Marx Brothers' ad-libs and antics on the set, Wood yelled in disgust: "You can't make an actor out of clay." Marx responded, "Nor a director out of Wood."
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Marx in Duck Soup (1933)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_Soup_(1933_film)

Marx also worked as a radio comedian and show host. One of his earliest stints was a short-lived series in 1932, Flywheel, Shyster and Flywheel, costarring Chico. Though most of the scripts and discs were thought to have been destroyed, all but one of the scripts were found in 1988 in the Library of Congress. In 1947, Marx was asked to host a radio quiz program You Bet Your Life. It was broadcast by ABC and then CBS before moving to NBC. It moved from radio to television on October 5, 1950, and ran for eleven years. It was largely sponsored by DeSoto automobiles and Marx sometimes appeared in the commercials. Filmed before an audience, the show consisted of Marx bantering with the contestants and ad-libbing jokes before briefly quizzing them. The announcer for the show was George Fenneman. The show was responsible for popularizing the phrases "Say the secret word and the duck will come down and give you fifty dollars," "Who's buried in Grant's Tomb?" and "What color is the White House?" (asked to reward a losing contestant a consolation prize).

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Groucho and his older brother Chico on the set of A Day at the Races (1937)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chico_Marx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Day_at_the_Races_(film)

Throughout his career Marx introduced a number of memorable songs in films, including "Hooray for Captain Spaulding" and "Hello, I Must Be Going", in Animal Crackers, "Whatever It Is, I'm Against It", "Everyone Says I Love You" and "Lydia the Tattooed Lady". Frank Sinatra, who once quipped that the only thing he could do better than Marx was sing, made a film with Marx and Jane Russell in 1951 entitled Double Dynamite.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooray_for_Captain_Spaulding
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello,_I_Must_Be_Going_(song)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sinatra
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Mustache, eyebrows, and walk
See also: Groucho glasses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groucho_glasses
In public and off-camera, Harpo and Chico were hard to recognize without their wigs and costumes, and it was almost impossible for fans to recognize Groucho without his trademark eyeglasses, fake eyebrows, and mustache.
Groucho and Eve Arden in a scene from At the Circus (1939)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eve_Arden
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_the_Circus

The greasepaint mustache and eyebrows originated spontaneously prior to a vaudeville performance in the early 1920s when he did not have time to apply the pasted-on mustache he had been using (or, according to his autobiography, simply did not enjoy the removal of the mustache because of the effects of tearing an adhesive bandage off the same patch of skin every night). After applying the greasepaint mustache, a quick glance in the mirror revealed his natural hair eyebrows were too undertoned and did not match the rest of his face, so Marx added the greasepaint to his eyebrows and headed for the stage. The absurdity of the greasepaint was never discussed on-screen, but in a famous scene in Duck Soup, where both Chicolini (Chico) and Pinky (Harpo) disguise themselves as Groucho, they are briefly seen applying the greasepaint, implicitly answering any question a viewer might have had about where he got his mustache and eyebrows.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck_Soup_(1933_film)
Marx was asked to apply the greasepaint mustache once more for You Bet Your Life when it came to television, but he refused, opting instead to grow a real one, which he wore for the rest of his life. By this time, his eyesight had weakened enough for him to actually need corrective lenses; before then, his eyeglasses had merely been a stage prop. He debuted this new, and now much-older, appearance in Love Happy, the Marx Brothers's last film as a comedy team.


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Marx did paint the old character mustache over his real one on a few rare occasions, including a TV sketch with Jackie Gleason on the latter's variety show in the 1960s (in which they performed a variation on the song "Mister Gallagher and Mister Shean", co-written by Marx's uncle Al Shean) and the 1968 Otto Preminger film Skidoo. In his late 70s at the time, Marx remarked on his appearance: "I looked like I was embalmed." He played a mob boss called "God" and, according to Marx, "both my performance and the film were God-awful!"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Gleason
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mister_Gallagher_and_Mister_Shean
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Shean
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Preminger
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skidoo_(film)


The exaggerated walk, with one hand on the small of his back and his torso bent almost 90 degrees at the waist, was a parody of a fad from the 1880s and 1890s.[citation needed] Fashionable young men of the upper classes would affect a walk with their right hand held fast to the base of their spines, and with a slight lean forward at the waist and a very slight twist toward the right with the left shoulder, allowing the left hand to swing free with the gait. Edmund Morris, in his biography The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, describes a young Roosevelt, newly elected to the State Assembly, walking into the House Chamber for the first time in this trendy, affected gait, somewhat to the amusement of the older and more rural members.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rise_of_Theodore_Roosevelt
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Marx exaggerated this fad to a marked degree, and the comedic effect was enhanced by how out of date the fashion was by the 1940s and 1950s.