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Catholic Church
The
Catholic Church, also known as the
Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptized
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-AnnuarioPontificio-4
[4] [7] It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_civilization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-8
[8] [9]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-9
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-10
10
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-O'CollinsPref-11
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The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites#Churches
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-12
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese
dioceses and eparchies located around the world.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eparchy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)
The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_supremacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-13
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The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See
The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Curia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome,_Italy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state
The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed
The Catholic Church teaches that it is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Commission
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Catholic_News_Service-14
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBokenkotter20047-15
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-18
note
1
that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_succession
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Successor_to_Saint_Peter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Peter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primacy_of_Peter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-19
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It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_canon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_tradition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magisterium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-CCC_890-20
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The Roman Rite and others of the Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic liturgies, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Rite
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendicant_orders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclosed_religious_orders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_order
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-21
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Gunton2-22
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Of its seven sacraments, the Eucharist is the principal one, celebrated liturgically in the Mass.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_liturgy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-23
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The church teaches that through consecration by a priest, the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consecration#Eucharist
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramental_bread
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramental_wine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transubstantiation
The Virgin Mary is venerated as the Perpetual Virgin, Mother of God, and Queen of Heaven; she is honoured in dogmas and devotions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Mary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual_Virgin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_of_God
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariology_of_the_Catholic_Church#Dogmatic_teachings
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_devotions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-marian_dogmas-24
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching
Catholic social teaching emphasizes voluntary support for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_of_mercy
The Catholic Church operates tens of thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_school
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_higher_education
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_education
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church#cite_note-Geopolitics-25
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Among its other social services are numerous charitable and humanitarian organizations.
The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, music, and science.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_philosophy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_culture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_art
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_classical_music
Catholics live all over the world through missions, diaspora, and conversions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_missions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_to_Christianity
Since the 20th century, the majority have resided in the Southern Hemisphere, partially due to secularization in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postchristianity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East
The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing particularly the authority of the pope.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_communion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_supremacy
Before the Council of Ephesus in AD 431, the Church of the East also shared in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches before the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_East
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcedonian_Definition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christology
The Eastern Catholic Churches, who have a combined membership of approximately 18 million, represent a body of Eastern Christians who returned or remained in communion with the pope during or following these schisms for a variety of historical circumstances.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Christianity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schism_in_Christianity
In the 16th century, the Reformation led to Protestantism also breaking away.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism
From the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticized for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_theology_of_sexuality
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination_of_women_and_the_Catholic_Church
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases