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United Nations
The
United Nations, referred to informally as the UN, is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_peace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_security
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-2
[2] It is the world's largest international organization.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-3
[3] The UN is
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations
headquartered in New York City (in the United States, but with certain extraterritorial privileges), and the organization has other offices in
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva
Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague, where the International Court of Justice is headquartered.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Palace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice
The UN was established after World War II with the aim of preventing future world wars, and succeeded the League of Nations, which was characterized as ineffective.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-4
[4] On 25 April 1945, 50 nations met in San Francisco, California for a conference and started drafting the UN Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 1945.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Charter
The charter took effect on 24 October 1945, when the UN began operations.
The organization's objectives, as defined by its charter, include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_aid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-5
[5] At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; as of 2023, it has 193 – almost all of the world's sovereign states.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-UN_SouthSudan_193rd_state-6
[6]
The organization's mission to preserve world peace was complicated in its early decades due in part to Cold War tensions that existed between the United States and Soviet Union and their respective allies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union
Its mission has included the provision of primarily unarmed military observers and lightly armed troops charged with primarily monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles. [7] UN membership grew significantly following widespread decolonization in the 1960s.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Military_Observer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonization
Since then, 80 former colonies have gained independence, including 11 trust territories that had been monitored by the Trusteeship Council. [8] By the 1970s, the UN's budget for economic and social development programmes vastly exceeded its spending on peacekeeping.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust_territories
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-8
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeeping
After the end of the Cold War in 1991, the UN shifted and expanded its field operations, undertaking a wide variety of complex tasks.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations#cite_note-9
[9]
The UN has six principal operational organizations: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the UN Secretariat, and the Trusteeship Council, although the Trusteeship Council has been inactive since 1994.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Secretariat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council
The UN System includes a multitude of specialized agencies, funds, and programmes, including the World Bank Group, the World Health Organization, the World Food Programme, UNESCO, and UNICEF.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_System
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialized_agencies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank_Group
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Food_Programme
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEF
Additionally, non-governmental organizations may be granted consultative status with the Economic and Social Council and other agencies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-governmental_organization
The UN's chief administrative officer is the secretary-general, currently Portuguese politician and diplomat António Guterres, who began his first five year-term on 1 January 2017 and was re-elected on 8 June 2021.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres
The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states.