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Turkish people
Turkish people or Turks (Turkish: Türkler) are the largest Turkic people who speak various dialects of the Turkish language and form a majority in Turkey and the disputed state of Northern Cyprus.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_peoples
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_dialects
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Cyprus
In addition, centuries-old ethnic Turkish communities still live across other former territories of the Ottoman Empire.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_communities_and_minorities_in_the_former_Ottoman_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire
Article 66 of the Turkish Constitution defines a "Turk" as: "Anyone who is bound to the Turkish state through the bond of citizenship."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Constitution
While the legal use of the term "Turkish" as it pertains to a citizen of Turkey is different from the term's ethnic definition,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizenship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-99
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-100
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the majority of the Turkish population (an estimated 70 to 75 percent) are of Turkish ethnicity.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-CIATurkey-101
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-102
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The vast majority of Turks are Muslims and follow the Sunni and Alevi faith.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslims
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alevism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Mayer2010-83
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The ethnic Turks can therefore be distinguished by a number of cultural and regional variants, but do not function as separate ethnic groups.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Nyropetal1973-103
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Mayer2010-83
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In particular, the culture of the Anatolian Turks in Asia Minor has underlain and influenced the Turkish nationalist ideology.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Minor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_nationalism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Nyropetal1973-103
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Other Turkish groups include the Rumelian Turks (also referred to as "Balkan Turks") historically located in the Balkans;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Turks
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkans
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Mayer2010-83
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fir1989-104
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots
Turkish Cypriots on the island of Cyprus, Meskhetian Turks originally based in Meskheti, Georgia;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Meskhetians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meskheti
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Cornell2005-105
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and ethnic Turkish people across the Middle East,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Mayer2010-83
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where they are also called "Turkmen" or "Turkoman" in the Levant (e.g. Iraqi Turkmen, Syrian Turkmen, Lebanese Turkmen, etc.).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Turkmen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Saat%C3%A7i_2018_loc=331-106
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Consequently, the Turks form the largest minority group in Bulgaria,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Karakulaketal2018-63
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the second largest minority group in Iraq,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Triana2017-48
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya
Libya,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Pan_1949-107
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia
North Macedonia,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Knowlton2020-66
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and Syria,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Khalifa2013-96
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and the third largest minority group in Kosovo.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-OSCE2010-75
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They also form substantial communities in the Western Thrace region of Greece, the Dobruja region of Romania, the Akkar region in Lebanon, as well as minority groups in other post-Ottoman Balkan and Middle Eastern countries.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Thrace
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobruja
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon
Mass immigration due to fleeing ethnic cleansing after the persecution of Muslims during Ottoman contraction has led to mass migrations from the 19th century onward; these Turkish communities have all contributed to the formation of a Turkish diaspora outside the former Ottoman lands.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims_during_the_Ottoman_contraction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_diaspora
Approximately 2 million Turks were massacred between 1870–1923 and those who escaped it settled in Turkey as muhacirs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhacir
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-108
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-109
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-110
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-111
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The mass immigration of Turks also led to them forming the largest ethnic minority group in Austria,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-112
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark
Denmark,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Liversage2013-113
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany
Germany,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Friedrichsetal2012-114
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and the Netherlands.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Friedrichsetal2012-114
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There are also Turkish communities in other parts of Europe as well as in North America, Australia and the Post-Soviet states.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_in_Europe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states
Turks are the 13th largest ethnic group in the world.
Turks from Central Asia settled in Anatolia in the 11th century, through the conquests of the Seljuk Turks.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_Turks
This began the transformation of the region, which had been a largely Greek-speaking region after previously being Hellenized, into a Turkish Muslim one.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Davison2013-115
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Leonard2006-116
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people#cite_note-Sahadeo_and_Zanca2007-117
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The Ottoman Empire came to rule much of the Balkans, the South Caucasus, the Middle East (excluding Iran, even though they controlled parts of it), and North Africa over the course of several centuries.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkans
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Caucasus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa
The empire lasted until the end of the First World War, when it was defeated by the Allies and partitioned.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitioning_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Following the Turkish War of Independence that ended with the Turkish National Movement retaking much of the territory lost to the Allies, the Movement ended the Ottoman Empire on 1 November 1922 and proclaimed the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_National_Movement
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Ottoman_Sultanate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Turkey