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Neolithic Age
The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος néos 'new' and λίθος líthos 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological_period
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Age
It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts of the world.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution
This "Neolithic package" included the introduction of farming, domestication of animals, and change from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to one of settlement.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agriculture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication_of_animals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter-gatherer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedentism
The term 'Neolithic' was coined by Sir John Lubbock in 1865 as a refinement of the three-age system. [1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lubbock,_1st_Baron_Avebury
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-age_system
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic#cite_note-1
The Neolithic began about 12,000 years ago when farming appeared in the Epipalaeolithic Near East, and later in other parts of the world.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epipalaeolithic_Near_East
It lasted in the Near East until the transitional period of the Chalcolithic (Copper Age) from about 6,500 years ago (4500 BC), marked by the development of metallurgy, leading up to the Bronze Age and Iron Age.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcolithic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age
In other places the Neolithic followed the Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) and then lasted until later.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolithic
In Ancient Egypt, the Neolithic lasted until the Protodynastic period, c.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protodynastic_Period_of_Egypt
3150 BC. [2] [3] [4] In China it lasted until circa 2000 BC with the rise of the pre-Shang Erlitou culture, [5] and in Scandinavia the Neolithic lasted until about 2000 BC. [6] [7] [8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic#cite_note-KSnPG-2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic#cite_note-3
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic#cite_note-4
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlitou_culture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic#cite_note-5
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic#cite_note-6
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic#cite_note-7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic#cite_note-8
Origin
Following the ASPRO chronology, the Neolithic started in around 10,200 BC in the Levant, arising from the Natufian culture, when pioneering use of wild cereals evolved into early farming.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASPRO_chronology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natufian_culture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farming
The Natufian period or "proto-Neolithic" lasted from 12,500 to 9,500BC, and is taken to overlap with the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNA) of 10,200–8800BC.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPNA
As the Natufians had become dependent on wild cereals in their diet, and a sedentary way of life had begun among them, the climatic changes associated with the Younger Dryas (about 10,000 BC) are thought to have forced people to develop farming.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedentism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas
By 10,200–8,800 BC farming communities had arisen in the Levant and spread to Asia Minor, North Africa and North Mesopotamia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Minor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is the site of the earliest developments of the Neolithic Revolution from around 10,000BC.
Early Neolithic farming was limited to a narrow range of plants, both wild and domesticated, which included einkorn wheat, millet and spelt, and the keeping of dogs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einkorn_wheat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_the_domestic_dog
By about 8000 BC, it included domesticated sheep and goats, cattle and pigs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goat#History
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesticated_pig
Not all of these cultural elements characteristic of the Neolithic appeared everywhere in the same order: the earliest farming societies in the Near East did not use pottery.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Near_East
In other parts of the world, such as Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia, independent domestication events led to their own regionally distinctive Neolithic cultures, which arose completely independently of those in Europe and Southwest Asia. Early Japanese societies and other East Asian cultures used pottery before developing agriculture.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_North_Africa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic#cite_note-10
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic#cite_note-11
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